Authors: Klecker, B., E. Möobius, M.A. Popecki
Reference: ISSI Workshop on "Solar Dynamics and its Effects on Heliosphere and Earth", Invited Paper, ISSI, April 2005, Bern, Switzerland.
Abstract:
The ionic charge distributions of solar energetic particles (SEP) as observed in interplanetary space provide fundamental information about the origin of these particles, and the acceleration and propagation processes at the Sun and in interplanetary space. In this paper we review the measurements of ionic charge states of energetic particles in interplanetary space, summarize the recent progress achieved with advanced instrumentation onboard SAMPEX, SOHO, and ACE, and discuss the implications of these new observations for our understanding of SEP sources, and acceleration and propagation processes.